Founded in 1868 by Gen. Samuel Chapman Armstrong as Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, the school was designed to educate the newly-emancipated African-Americans, as well as Native Americans. The school remains as one of the most prestigious predominantly black school in the country.
The 'Emancipation Oak' grows on the campus. In 1863, Virginia Peninsula's black community listened to a reading of the Emancipation Proclamation.
The university's museum has more than 9,000 traditional works of African, Native American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Island and Asian art as well as fine art and art pertaining to the university's history. Housed in the former Huntington Memorial Library, the museum is also the location of The International Review of African American Art.

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